Alert box, pop ups, secuirty pop ups etc

SwitchTo()...


Alert:
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();

alert.accept();

- To get the text in the alert box, use something like alert.getText()

- If you get multiple alert boxes(that means handled you get ono more). -----Alert????

If I need to select ok on one alert box and then cancel on next alert box.

getText() -- help us to find the text of alert box, so write condition with text method, based on content mention alert object accept() or cancel() methods.

- You will sometime not get alert but code written, so make use of exception  handler. Saying that if there is not alert handle it saying that code should be continued.

-

Get Control on the window

• Switching control between two windows
• We need to make use of window ID(dynamic in nature, has around 30 alphanumerica character)
• driver.switchTo().window(driver.getWindowHandles().toArray()[1].toString());
• File src = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

          FileUtils.copyFile(src, new File("<path>"));

Note: take the control of the window, using window id and take screenshot to make sure on which window we had control.

• From Episteme:

1. Basic idea to handle window is, once new window open get the number of window & switch to child window.
2. Do some operation & close the session using driver.close.(In your case window is closing automatically but may not current session ended)
3. Once close the window, check once again how many windows open & switch to current window using name or index

Step 1: Get the parent window handle using below statement.
String parentwindow = driver.getWindowHandle();

Step 2: Clickon link to open modal window.

Step 3: Iterate through all opened windows with help of for each loop.

for (String winHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) {
driver.switchTo().window(winHandle);
popup=driver.switchTo().window(winHandle);
if(popup.getTitle().equals(“title of the window to which you have to switch”))
{
….

break;

}
}
Sleeper.sleepTightInSeconds(2);
driver.close();
Sleeper.sleepTightInSeconds(5);
driver.switchTo().window(parentwindow);

Step 4: Trying to switch back to parent window using below statement.

driver.switchTo().window(ParentWin);

Action class, mouse over actions

Actions <object name>= new Actions("<driver object>");

<object name>.moveToElement(<driver object>.findElement(By.linkText("<value>")).build().perform();  




 ----- Action part will be working within the browser.

 Here for mouse over we need to create Actions object by giving drivers object. And using Actions object we can do moveToElement method on a web element.


- to perform few more operations after moving the mouse

After you make moveToElement is made, if you have list of options in it, so better do again moveToElement and then find the element and click it.

- Source: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/17293914/how-to-perform-mouseover-function-in-selenium-webdriver-using-java

Code:

1. Hover over a menu item.
2. Find the hidden element that is ONLY available after the hover.
3. Click the sub-menu item.

If you insert a 'perform' command after the moveToElement, it moves to the element, and the sub-menu item shows for a brief period, but that is not a hover. The hidden element immediately disappears before it can be found resulting in a ElementNotFoundException. I tried two things:

Actions builder = new Actions(driver);
builder.moveToElement(hoverElement).perform();
builder.moveToElement(clickElement).click().perform();

This did not work for me. The following worked for me:

Actions builder = new Actions(driver);
builder.moveToElement(hoverElement).perform();
By locator = By.id("clickElementID");
driver.click(locator);

Using the Actions to hover and the standard WebDriver click, I could hover and then click.



Scenario:

To click the sign in button in Amazon home page:

Solution:

WebElement obj2 = obj1.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='nav-link-yourAccount']/span[2]")); //My account element

 

Actions act1  = new Actions(obj1);

act1.moveToElement(obj2).perform();

act1.moveToElement(obj2).moveToElement(obj2.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='nav-flyout-ya-signin']/a/span"))).click().build().perform();

support: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/17293914/how-to-perform-mouseover-function-in-selenium-webdriver-using-java

Notes:
moveToElment() - Moves the mouse to an offset from the top-left corner of the element.
perform() - A convenience method for performing the actions without calling build() first.
build() - Generates a composite action containinig all actions so far, ready to be performed (and resets the internal builder state, so subsequent calls to build() will contain fresh sequences).

Profile --------SetProperty and including the settings

- System.setProperty("webdriver.firefox.profile", "default");  --- this code is used to include the profile of the user, every browser will have profile created for a user with the name default.

See here default is the name of the profile, to create name for the profile:
 Go to run->enter 'profile -f': it will direct to you a page where you could create profile.





 

Locators or Idenfying web elements

Webex training notes:
7/10/15

• We have 8 locators, using which selenium webdriver identifies the web element.
• Using any one of the locators one shouldbe able to identify/locating  element in a web page.
• <driverobject>.findElement(By.name("email_to[]")).click(); ---here name is one of the locators.
• Right click on the object and select inspect by firebug. Especially html script will be seen, when you select the code it will highlight the related area in the web page.
• If the attribute is common across multiple web elements, then we use firepath - xpath.

          For the xpath:
           select the web element, right click -> select inspect by firepath->show absolute xpath.

           driverobj.findElement(By.xpath("<>");

• If absolute reference is not working we need to go with relative reference(using // in the xpath).
• The brower that gets loaded using the script, using that we will not be able to inspect the element, because the script uses the default settings of browser. Additional settings that user does will not have impact on the script. To include your settings, we need to create profile using setproperty.
• Xpath could be created as to make sure it matches related properties that we mention in it, like we do using regular expression.

          Ex: Creating xpath for 3 checkboxes thar are in an order in a web page.

          xpath = //<tag name>[@<attribute name>='<value>'] ....... Since we have picked name attribute here, the inspect element with this xpath will highlight all 3 checkboxes.

• xpath = //<tag name>[@<attribute name>='<value>'] [1] --- this will locate the first element with the same attribute.
• We can join two conditions using and

          xpath = //<tag name>[@<attribute name>='<value>'  and @value='1']

• Use Higlight, adjacent to Xpath section in inspect by Firepath window, when you click Highlight it will show the web element that xpath is refering too. That way you can validate the xpath, whether its pointing out to the proper web element. Dont forget to enter xpath in the field.
• Regular Expression in xpath:

           xpath = //<tag name>[starts-with(@<attribute name>,'<value>')]

           Following could be used:
           ends-with
           contains

• Dropdown:

           We need to create object for class Select

           Select <object name> = new Select(<web Element>);

           Ex: Select dd1= new Select(driver.findElement(By.name("subject"));
           dd1.selectIndex(1);
          
          <object name>.selectByIndex("<value>");
          <object name>.selectByValue("<value>")
          <object name>.selectByVisibleText("<value>");

Lets suppose you wanted to select the last value of drop down, make use of index numders...index starts from 0. But you if you wanted to click the last but one drop down value, you need to know the total number of values in the drop down. To do that activity do the following.

 <object name>.getOptions().size()   ===  gives the total number of values in drop down.

• xpath:

        //  --- use this if the element is grand child
xpath = //table[@class='fd']/td[@class='gfhy']
        / ---- use this if the element is direct child
xpath = //table[@class='fd']//a[@class='asd']

• xpath:

Always use @ symbol for the atrributes

• contains
• text() --- see i have come across a scenario where I need to select a text that is a hyperlink. Here keep in mind text was not a attribute.

<table>
<tc>
--
<td class='sdf']
<a class ='dfs' href='#']Program</a>
--
--
</td>
--
--
</table>//td[@class='sdf']/a[@class='dfs' and text() = 'Program]



xpath = //table

 - How to send encoded value to Password field...?

- Source:
http://blargon7.com/selenium_docs/04_selenese_commands.html

To find list of commands that we can use in Selenium to locate an object. Its really good.


          

Drivers for the browsers

- Go to http://code.google.com/p/selenium/downloads/list?can=1&q=&colspec=Filename+Summary+Uploaded+ReleaseDate+Size+DownloadCount

Here you can download the drivers wrt to multiple browsers.

We need to download the respective browser driver.

See once you download, you tag that downloaded driver file to your script.

System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", "<driver file path>") --this is for IE browser

then mention the driver object.

IE:

WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();

Note: Disable protected mode should be mentioned in internet options some times. Disable Trusted and restricted sites.

Note for IE browser:(this helps to skip the settings in IE in some cases if browser is not openining)
DesiredCapabilities cap = new DesiredCapabilities();
cap.setCapability(InternetExplorerDriver.INTRODUCE_FLAKINESS_BY_IGNORING_SECURITY_DOMAINS,true);


- Firefox:

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()

This will invoke firefox browser and returns an handle in form of WebDriver object which is used to interact with browsers.

See here the above code is not similar to what we use when we create object for a class, here it is based on super and sub class.
syntax:
FirefoxDriver - is a sub class constructor ?? Not solved
WebDriver - is super class
driver - is a object

freqly used methods:
.get("<url>"); ---- helps u hit the url
.getTitle();  ---returns the page title
.close(); -- closes the window that is currently open
.quit(); --- closes every associated window. If i click link in a web page, the opens another window, so using quit, we can close all those related windows.
.findElement(By.name("email_to[]")).click();












 

Selenium(WebDriver) Benefits/Notes

WEbEx training notes

Selenium WebDriver Notes(includes advantageous):

- Selenium is for Web Based applications and QTP is for Web based and Desktop based applications

- Selenium will handle desktop applications using some third party

- Selenium supports around 6 languages but QTP supports only Vbscripting.
Simply download library files from google and continue the existing script(even if it is written in other language).

- Selenium IDE(add on of firefox), RC, Web Driver and Grid.

- Selenium uses Javascript drivers to connect Selenium with browsers. Selenium+WebDriver.
WebDriver is also available for Mobile Testing, we have Andriod and Iphone driver.

- Steps to download addons: FireFox -> Ctrl+Shift+A (it will go to Extensions page) -> download Firepath and Firebug.

- Firebug - CSS
  FirePath - Edit, Impact and generate Xpath.

- For testing use: www.myContactForm.com

- Go to Seleniumhq.org/download -- to download java driver to work on Selenium.

- Go to Eclipse Project -> Properties-> Java Build Path- >Libraries ->Add external jar.(the ones that we downloaded from the Seleniumhq.org site).(there should be 39 files that should get added)

- Eclipse is not a kind of installation file, you just see .exe file in the zip file(Exclipe download file). Everytime you wanted to open the Eclipse you just need to run .exe file.

- When ever you start programming on identifying objects, right click on the object and select inspect by firepath option. That way you will come to know the xpath of the object. You could use locators.

- <driver object>.navigate().back(); --- this is navigation command, that is used to navigate back.

- <driver object>.navigate().forward();

- <driver object>.manage().window().maximize(); -- this will maximize the browser window
Mention this under the firefox driver code. But if you are using profile code, dont use it as it will automatically maximizes.

- To take control on mouse over or keyboard use Action Class object.

- Verification code in web page, cannot be automated using any of the automation tools.
 
  Using the OCR jar file we should be able to identify such objects.

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