Selenium notes

1/11/2015:

Java

-        Child cannot have multiple parents. Means we cannot extend multiple classes, one class can extend only one class.

-        But Implementation could be done on multiple classes. This is called multiple inheritances.

-        Even Eclipse needs to have JDK(Java 1.7) installed and environment variable set before running code in java.

-        For Static methods memory is allocated during initialization. So memory gets allocated only once.

-        Passing parameters while creating object, is to call specific constructor (parameterized)

-        Initialize object – means

-        No limit for number of constructors

-        Local variables

-        Instance variable – memory loaded only when it is called not like static.

Can be declared along with static variables, this are the variables declared without static keyword

-        Class variables – cannot be declared inside methods?

-        Final class – cannot be inherited

Final method – cannot be overloaded

Final variable – cannot change the value of the variable

-        Abstract class -

-        Final abstract cannot be together for a class

-        This – keyword

It will pick up the current object value

-        Initialization and Instantiation ??

-        Super keyword – helps you to access  the methods of super class.

-        Override – is using same method names in parent and child, using the super keyword.

-        Adding jar files and importing packages… how are they different from each other.

Selenium

-        Selenium RC – we have to keep the server open - open the command prompt and run java commands to keep the server running

-        Selenium RC– does not interact with Windows application. Very difficult during windows authentication

-        Why do we need diff drivers while running code on diff browsers??

-        Only one limitation with webdriver is --- necessity of drivers(Server.exe) for all browsers except FireFox

-        Explicitwait – can be applied on web element, this is not for all elements but for a specific element. Like load to a button we use Explicit wait instead of Implicit wait.

Implicit wait - for all the components (exist in selenium IDE). It will wait for a mentioned time whatever be the web element.

 

-        Contains method of xpath is used vastly.

Xpath = “//input[contains(@src,’picture1’)]    ‘looks for word ‘picture1’ in the src property of that element, this helps to avoid using entire xpath

-        Why do we need to have two import statements here as they both talk about same thing:

Import org.openqa.selenium.*;

Import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

-        Why do we have this kind of object creation:

WebDriver obj1= new FirefoxDriver();

 

Instead of

WebDriver obj1 = new WebDriver(); --- which is wrong

              Solution:

              I don’t know why the above code is wrong, but when I looked at Select and List class, you might    understand.

            

-        Selenium does not detect Desktop applications, in this if any authentication error occurs while automating web application from desktop, then we need to use third party tools to continue or handle the desktop error.

-        Mozilla Firefox 41 does not support Selenium web driver

-        Driverobj.get and Driverobj.navigate.to ---- could be used for the same pupose but navigate has additional benefits like navigate used to navigate from the existing web page to other urls, forward or back the browser.

-        Sendkeys:

… here sendkeys could be used in diff ways 1. Enter value using keyword

.Sendkeys(“srikanth”)

2. Clicking enter or space etc  buttons

.Sendkeys(keys.Enter) – this one clicks enter button

 

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Xpath: 12/24/2013

-        Selenium 1 and Selenium2

-        Primary reason for selenium being so popular: Driving multiple browsers  and open source

-        We have 4 categories in selenium- Selenium IDE ,Selenium Remote Control(RC)(Selenium 1), Selenium Web Driver(Selenium 2) and Selenium Grid.

-        Selenium 2:

Selenium 1 is in intrusive in nature. If the field is not editable or not unable selenium 1 could not recognize (as it is purely javascript)

-        In case of Selenium 2, the handling each browser, each browser has got its own controls with selenium, this feature was not available in selenium 1.

-        Selenium locators:

-        Firefox = Firebug and IDE.

1.      Use Firebug to get the html code(id or class name of element) and IDE to evaluate whether that id or class belongs to the element in the web page. IF you give id value in the IDA and click find, it will highlight the corresponding element in the webpage.(this is one way to test Element locator)

2.      You can also test from console

-        Chrome= click F12 to see console.

Go to Element. Right click on element and select inspect element.

Click Escape or console. Here we can create query to test. Use this only when you are finding complex elements.

Syntax to test xpath: we use 2 functions:

Function1: $x(“<xpath>”) -> press enter. Ex: $x(“//input[…]”) ---here if you see after press enter, you could see the element html code or else o/p is just [].

Note: xpath is slower than id.

$x is the function to test xpath.

Function2:

-        // -anywhere/somewhere  in Html code (Relative path)

/- direct child

-        IE – IE Developer tool bar. Some applications may only open in IE, so lets use IE Developer tab for the same.

-        Id/name/class might be common across various elements, but xpath is not.  So use xpath as element locator in most of the cases.

-        $x(“//input[@id=’searchinput’][@idname=’search’]”)

-        $x(“//input[starts-with(@id=’searchinput’)]”)

-        $x(“//input[substring(@id.2)=’earchinput’]”)

-        $x(“//input[substring(@id. 2. 5)=’earch’]”)             // begin character length is ‘2’ and end character is ‘5’

-        Avoiding spaces:

$x(“//title[text()=’selenium – Google Search’]”)     //text() is used to get inner text

$x(“//title[normalize-space(text()=’selenium – Google Search’]”)       //if you have space at the beginning.

$x(“//title[normalize-space(text()=’selenium – Google Search’]”)      

-        ‘.’

-        $x(“//title[normalize-space(.)=’selenium – Google Search’]”)      

Here ‘.’ Identifies the present node, so you may not need to write text() always.

-        $x(“//title[contains(@id. ’hin’)]”)      

-        Xpath, we can navigate back, but this is not the case with css. So that is the reason css is faster than xpath.

-         

Timeouts:

-        Pageload Timeout = selenium will wait till page loads.

-        setScriptTimeout =

-        Explicit wait = specif point

-        Implicitwait= global value

-         

 

 

 

-        JavascriptExecutor: Specialized form of webdriver, it will let you to execute any javascript on the page.

-        Sometimes if you are not able to find element  you could use JavascriptExecutor.

 

-        Selenium does not allow you to reuse in existing session

-        Use Selenium discussion forum to get more details on selenium.

-        Work on scenarios: Get the details of more scenarios-

-       

-        Keys. Back Space – is used to provide keyboard keys to the selenium code. ‘Enter’ key.

-        driver.switchto() ---iframes, alerst, popus—we use this.

-        Driver.switchTo().frame.

-        selenium does not distinguish b/w new tab and new window.

-        .getwindowhandles()

-       

-       

 

-        Annotations

 

-        Assert text

 

-        Junit

 

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-        Dataprovider – class using which we can get data from excel

-         

Selenium Methods Notes:

-        Selenium RC:

1.      Jason Huggins developed a Javascript library that could drive interactions with the page, allowing him to automatically rerun tests against multiple browsers.

2. Selenium tests can be written in any of following language: Java, C#, Python, Ruby, Perl and PHP

3. Selenium interacts with the UI elements of a web site using JavaScript injection

4. Limitation of Selenium RC

o   Restrictive to do different things due to the security limitations browsers apply to JavaScript (Uses JavaScript based automation engine)

o   Webapps became more and more powerful over time with special features and new browser support

-        WebDriver developed by Simon Stewart works by accessing the OS and passing commands to the browser from the OS. Not constrained by the JavaScript Sandbox as Selenium RC is.

-        To overcome limitation offered by Selenium RC and to support broader range of browsers Selenium RC and WebDriver is merged to form Selenium WebDriver.

-        The downside to Selenium WebDriver is that it requires new implementations for each of the browsers that it works against. This is due to each browser having its own access points with the Operating System.

-        WebDriver ’s goal is to provide a well-designed object-oriented API that provides improved support for modern advanced web-app testing problems.

-        WebDriver  supports dynamic web pages where elements of a page may change without the page itself being reloaded

-        WebDriver Scripts can be written in any one of following languages: Java, C#, Perl, Python, Ruby, PHP.

-        Different types of WebDrivers: HtmlUnitDriver, FirefoxDriver , InternetExplorerDriver , ChromeDriver  and SafariDriver

-        WebDrivers available for Mobile testing include: AndriodDriver and IPhoneDriver

Name of driver	OS Supported	Class to instantiate
HtmlUnitDriver	All	org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver
FirefoxDriver	All	org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver
InternetExplorerDriver	Windows	org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver
ChromeDriver	All	org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
SafariDriver	MAC	org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver

 

Name of driver	OS Supported	Class to instantiate
AndroidDriver	All	org.openqa.selenium.android.AndroidDriver
IPhoneDriver	All	org.openqa.selenium.iphone.IPhoneDriver

 

-        Emulating Specific Browser:

o   Using Browser Version

HtmlUnitDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver(BrowserVersion.FIREFOX_3_6);

 

o   Using Capabilities

        HtmlUnitDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver(capabilities);

 

-         WebDriver pros and cons:

Pros:

•        Fastest implementation of WebDriver

•        A pure Java solution and so it is platform independent.

•        Supports JavaScript

Cons:

•        It's not graphical, which means that you can't watch what's happening

 

-        FireFoxDriver Instantiation process:

WebDriver  driver = new FirefoxDriver()

This will invoke firefox browser and returns an handle in form of WebDriver  object which is used to interact with the browser.

-        InternetExplorerDriver Instantiation process:

To work with IE, first download IEDriverServer.exe file from

http://code.google.com/p/chromedriver/downloads/list  and keep it is your project resources folder.

Set Webdriver.ie.driver  property

        System.setProperty("Webdriver.ie.driver","src/main/resources/drivers/ie/IEDriverServer.exe")

Ex:

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", C:\\Users\\Public\\Jars\\ChromeDriver.exe");

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

      WebDriver  driver = new InternetExplorerDriver ()

 

-        Test can be executed against emulators and real devices for IPhone and Andorid OS.

IPhoneDriver Instantiation process

To work with Iphone, first do the setup as given in following page: http://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/IPhoneDriver.

Instantiate a WebDriver  implementation

  WebDriver  WebDriver  = new IPhoneDriver();

Andorid Instantiation process

To work with Andorid, first do the setup as given in following page: http://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/AndroidDriver.

Instantiate a WebDriver  implementation

        WebDriver  WebDriver  = new AndoridDriver();

-        Useful WebDriver Methods:

1.      get:

void get(java.lang.String url)

Load a new web page in the current browser window.

Parameters: url - The URL to load. It is best to use a fully qualified URL

Ex - WebDriver .get(“http://ww.google.com”);

2.      getTitle:

java.lang.String getTitle()

The title of the current page.

Returns: The title of the current page, with leading and trailing whitespace stripped, or null if one is not already set

Ex - WebDriver .getTitle( );

3.      close:

void close()

Close the current window, quitting the browser if it's the last window currently open.

Ex - WebDriver .close();

4.      quit:

void quit()

Quits this driver, closing every associated window.

Ex - WebDriver .quit( );

-        WebDriver – Browser Navigation Methods:

Method	Description	example
back()	Move back a single "item" in the browser's history.	Wedriver.navigate().back();
forward()	Move a single "item" forward in the browser's history.	Wedriver.navigate().forward();
refresh()	Refresh the current page	Wedriver.navigate().refresh();
to(java.lang.String url)	Load a new web page in the current browser window.	Wedriver.navigate().to (“http://www.cognizant.com”);

 

-        WebDriver Methods –  To switch between Windows:

Method	Description	example
java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getWindowHandles()	A set of window handles which can be used to iterate over all open windows.	Wedriver.getWindowHandles();
alert()	Switches to the currently active modal dialog for this particular driver instance.	Wedriver. switchTo().alert();
defaultContent()	Selects either the first frame on the page, or the main document when a page contains iframes.	Wedriver. switchTo() .defaultContent();
window(java.lang.String nameOrHandle)	Switch the focus of future commands for this driver to the window with the given name/handle.	Wedriver. switchTo(). window(“id”);

 

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